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A devops team uses AWS CloudFormation to build their infrastructure. The security team is concerned about sensitive parameters, such as passwords, being exposed. Which combination of steps will enhance the security of AWS CloudFormation? (Select THREE.)
A. Create a secure string with AWS KMS and choose a KMS encryption key. Reference
the ARN of the secure string, and give AWS CloudFormation permission to the KMS key
for decryption.
B. Create secrets using the AWS Secrets Manager AWS::SecretsManager::Secret
resource type. Reference the secret resource return attributes in resources that need a
password, such as an Amazon RDS database.
C. Store sensitive static data as secure strings in the AWS Systems Manager Parameter
Store. Use dynamic references in the resources that need access to the data.
D. Store sensitive static data in the AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store as strings.
Reference the stored value using types of Systems Manager parameters.
E. Use AWS KMS to encrypt the CloudFormation template.
F. Use the CloudFormation NoEcho parameter property to mask the parameter value.
A company maintains a stateless web application that is experiencing inconsistent traffic. The company uses AWS CloudFormation to deploy the application. The application runs on Amazon EC2 On-Demand Instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The instances run across multiple Availability Zones.The company wants to include the use of Spot Instances while continuing to use a small number of On-Demand Instances to ensure that the application remains highly available. What is the MOST cost-effective solution that meets these requirements?
A. Add a Spot block resource to the AWS CloudFormation template. Use the diversified
allocation strategy with step scaling behind the ALB.
B. Add a Spot block resource to the AWS CloudFormation template. Use the lowest-price
allocation strategy with target tracking scaling behind the ALB.
C. Add a Spot Fleet resource to the AWS CloudFormation template. Use the capacityoptimized allocation strategy with step scaling behind the ALB.
D. Add a Spot Fleet resource to the AWS CloudFormation template. Use the diversified
allocation strategy with scheduled scaling behind the ALB
A DevOps Engineer discovered a sudden spike in a website's page load times and found that a recent deployment occurred. A brief diff of the related commit shows that the URL for an external API call was altered and the connecting port changed from 80 to 443. The external API has been verified and works outside the application. The application logs show that the connection is now timing out, resulting in multiple retries and eventual failure of the call.Which debug steps should the Engineer take to determine the root cause of the issue?
A. Check the VPC Flow Logs looking for denies originating from Amazon EC2 instances
that are part of the web Auto Scaling group. Check the ingress security group rules and
routing rules for the VPC.
B. Check the existing egress security group rules and network ACLs for the VPC. Also
check the application logs being written to Amazon CloudWatch Logs for debug
information.
C. Check the egress security group rules and network ACLs for the VPC. Also check the
VPC flow logs looking for accepts originating from the web Auto Scaling group.
D. Check the application logs being written to Amazon CloudWatch Logs for debug
information. Check the ingress security group rules and routing rules for the VPC.
A company is using AWS Organizations and wants to implement a governance strategy with the following requirements:• AWS resource access is restricted to the same two Regions for all accounts.• AWS services are limited to a specific group of authorized services for all accounts.• Authentication is provided by Active Directory.• Access permissions are organized by job function and are identical in each account.Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Establish an organizational unit (OU) with group policies in the master account to restrict
Regions and authorized services. Use AWS Cloud Formation StackSets to provision roles with permissions for each job function, including an IAM trust policy for IAM identity
provider authentication in each account.
B. Establish a permission boundary in the master account to restrict Regions and
authorized services. Use AWS CloudFormation StackSet to provision roles with
permissions for each job function, including an IAM trust policy for IAM identity provider
authentication in each account.
C. Establish a service control policy in the master account to restrict Regions and
authorized services. Use AWS Resource Access Manager to share master account roles
with permissions for each job function, including AWS SSO for authentication in each
account.
D. Establish a service control policy in the master account to restrict Regions and
authorized services. Use CloudFormation StackSet to provision roles with permissions for
each job function, including an IAM trust policy for IAM identity provider authentication in
each account.
A global company with distributed Development teams built a web application using a microservices architecture running on Amazon ECS. Each application service is independent and runs as a service in the ECS cluster. The container build files and source code reside in a private GitHub source code repository.Separate ECS clusters exist for development, testing, and production environments.Developers are required to push features to branches in the GitHub repository and then merge the changes into an environment-specific branch (development, test, or production). This merge needs to trigger an automated pipeline to run a build and a deployment to the appropriate ECS cluster.What should the DevOps Engineer recommend as an automated solution to these requirements?
A. Create an AWS CloudFormation stack for the ECS cluster and AWS CodePipeline
services. Store the container build files in an Amazon S3 bucket. Use a post-commit hook
to trigger a CloudFormation stack update that deploys the ECS cluster. Add a task in the
ECS cluster to build and push images to Amazon ECR, based on the container build files in
S3.
B. Create a separate pipeline in AWS CodePipeline for each environment. Trigger each
pipeline based on commits to the corresponding environment branch in GitHub. Add a build
stage to launch AWS CodeBuild to create the container image from the build file and push
it to Amazon ECR. Then add another stage to update the Amazon ECS task and service
definitions in the appropriate cluster for that environment.
C. Create a pipeline in AWS CodePipeline. Configure it to be triggered by commits to the
master branch in GitHub. Add a stage to use the Git commit message to determine which
environment the commit should be applied to, then call the create-image Amazon ECR
command to build the image, passing it to the container build file. Then add a stage to
update the ECS task and service definitions in the appropriate cluster for that environment.
D. Create a new repository in AWS CodeCommit. Configure a scheduled project in AWS
CodeBuild to synchronize the GitHub repository to the new CodeCommit repository. Create
a separate pipeline for each environment triggered by changes to the CodeCommit
repository. Add a stage using AWS Lambda to build the container image and push to
Amazon ECR. Then add another stage to update the ECS task and service definitions in
the appropriate cluster for that environment
You have just recently deployed an application on EC2 instances behind an ELB. After a couple of weeks, customers are complaining on receiving errors from the application. You want to diagnose the errors and are trying to get errors from the ELB access logs. But the ELB access logs are empty. What is the reason for this.
A. You do not have the appropriate permissions to access the logs
B. You do not have your CloudWatch metrics correctly configured
C. ELB Access logs are only available for a maximum of one week.
D. Access logging is an optional feature of Elastic Load Balancing that is disabled by default
A company is implementing a well-architected design for its globally accessible API stack. The design needs to ensure both high reliability and fast response times for users located in North America and Europe.The API stack contains the following three tiers:• Amazon API Gateway• AWS Lambda• Amazon DynamoDBWhich solution will meet the requirements?
A. Configure Amazon Route 53 to point to API Gateway APIs in North America and Europe
using health checks. Configure the APIs to forward requests to a Lambda function in that
Region. Configure the Lambda functions to retrieve and update the data in a DynamoDB
table in the same Region as the Lambda function.
B. Configure Amazon Route 53 to point to API Gateway APIs in North America and Europe
using latency-based routing and health checks. Configure the APIs to forward requests to a
Lambda function in that Region. Configure the Lambda functions to retrieve and update the
data in a DynamoDB global table.
C. Configure Amazon Route 53 to point to API Gateway in North America, create a disaster
recovery API in Europe, and configure both APIs to forward requests to the Lambda
functions in that Region. Retrieve the data from a DynamoDB global table. Deploy a
Lambda function to check the North America API health every 5 minutes. In the event of a
failure, update Route 53 to point to the disaster recovery API.
D. Configure Amazon Route 53 to point to API Gateway API in North America using
latency-based routing. Configure the API to forward requests to the Lambda function in the
Region nearest to the user. Configure the Lambda function to retrieve and update the data
in a DynamoDB table.
A Development team creates a build project in AWS CodeBuild. The build project invokes automated tests of modules that access AWS services.Which of the following will enable the tests to run the MOST securely?
A. Generate credentials for an IAM user with a policy attached to allow the actions on AWS
services. Store credentials as encrypted environment variables for the build project. As part of the build script, obtain the credentials to run the integration tests.
B. Have CodeBuild run only the integration tests as a build job on a Jenkins server. Create
a role that has a policy attached to allow the actions on AWS services. Generate
credentials for an IAM user that is allowed to assume the role. Configure the credentials as
secrets in Jenkins, and allow the build job to use them to run the integration tests.
C. Create a service role in IAM to be assumed by CodeBuild with a policy attached to allow
the actions on AWS services. Configure the build project to use the role created.
D. Use AWS managed credentials. Encrypt the credentials with AWS KMS. As part of the
build script, decrypt with AWS KMS and use these credentials to run the integration tests.
An ecommerce company is receiving reports that its order history page is experiencing delays in reflecting the processing status of orders. The order processing system consists of an AWS Lambda function using reserved concurrency. The Lambda function processes order messages from an Amazon SQS queue and inserts processed orders into an Amazon DynamoDB table. The DynamoDB table has Auto Scaling enabled for read and write capacity.Which actions will diagnose and resolve the delay? (Select TWO.)
A. Check the ApproximateAgeOfOldestMessage metric for the SQS queue and increase
the Lambda function concurrency limit.
B. Check the ApproximateAgeOfOldestMessage metric for the SQS queue and configure a
redrive policy on the SQS queue.
C. Check the NumberOfMessagesSent metric for the SQS queue and increase the SQS
queue visibility timeout.
D. Check the ThrottledWriteRequests metric for the DynamoDB table and increase the
maximum write capacity units for the table's Auto Scaling policy.
E. Check the Throttles metric for the Lambda function and increase the Lambda function
timeout.
A devops engineer wants to deploy a serverless web application based on AWS Lambda. The deployment must meet the following requirements:• Provide staging and production environments. • Restrict the developers from accessing the production environment.• Avoid hard coding passwords in the Lambda functions• Store source code in AWS CodeCommit.• Use AWS CodePipeline to automate the deployment.Which solution will accomplish this?
A. Create separate staging and production accounts to segregate deployment targets. Use
AWS KMS to store environment-specific values Use CodePipeline to automate
deployments with AWS CodeDeploy.
B. Create separate staging and production accounts to segregate deployment targets. Use
Lambda environment variables to store environment-specific values. Use CodePipeline to
automate deployments with AWS CodeDeploy.
C. Define tagging conventions for staging and production environments to segregate
deployment targets. Use AWS KMS to store environment-specific values Use CodePipeline
to automate deployments with AWS CodeDeploy.
D. Define naming conventions for staging and production environments to segregate
deployment targets. Use Lambda environment variables to store environment-specific
values. Use CodePipeline to automate deployments with AWS CodeDeploy
A company has an application that is using a MySQL -compatible Amazon Aurora Multi-AZ DB cluster as the database A cross-Region read replica has been created for disaster recovery purposes A DevOps engineer wants to automate the promotion of the replica so it becomes the primary database instance in the event of a failure Which solution will accomplish this?
A. Configure a latency-based Amazon Route 53 CNAME with health checks so it points to
both the primary and replica endpoints Subscribe an Amazon SNS topic to Amazon RDS
failure notifications from AWS CloudTrail and use that topic to trigger an AWS Lambda
function that will promote the replica instance as the master
B. Create an Aurora custom endpoint to point to the primary database instance Configure
the application to use this endpoint Configure AWS CloudTrail to run an AWS Lambda
function to promote the replica instance and modify the custom endpoint to point to the
newly promoted instance.
C. Create an AWS Lambda function to modify the application's AWS CloudFormation
template to promote the replica, apply the template to update the stack, and pout the
application to the newly promoted instance Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm to trigger this Lambda function after the failure event occurs
D. Store the Aurora endpoint in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store Create an
Amazon EventBridge (Amazon CloudWatch Events) event that detects the database failure
and runs an AWS Lambda function to promote the replica instance and update the
endpoint URL stored in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store Code the application to
reload the endpoint from Parameter Store if a database connection fails.
A DevOps Engineer is responsible for the deployment of a PHP application. The Engineer is working in a hybrid deployment, with the application running on both on-premises servers and Amazon EC2 instances. The application needs access to a database containing highly confidential information. Application instances need access to database credentials, which must be encrypted at rest and in transit before reaching the instances.How should the Engineer automate the deployment process while also meeting the security requirements?
A. Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk with a PHP platform configuration to deploy application
packages to the instances. Store database credentials on AWS Systems Manager
Parameter Store using the Secure String data type. Define an IAM role for Amazon EC2
allowing access, and decrypt only the database credentials. Associate this role to all the
instances.
B. Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy application packages to the instances. Store database
credentials on AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store using the Secure String data type.
Define an IAM policy for allowing access, and decrypt only the database credentials. Attach
the IAM policy to the role associated to the instance profile for CodeDeploy-managed
instances, and to the role used for on-premises instances registration on CodeDeploy.
C. Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy application packages to the instances. Store database
credentials on AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store using the Secure String data type.
Define an IAM role with an attached policy that allows decryption of the database
credentials. Associate this role to all the instances and on-premises servers.
D. Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy application packages to the instances. Store database
credentials in the AppSpec file. Define an IAM policy for allowing access to only the
database credentials. Attach the IAM policy to the role associated to the instance profile for
CodeDeploy-managed instances and the role used for on-premises instances registration
on CodeDeploy
A company is setting up a centralized logging solution on AWS and has several requirements. The company wants its Amazon CloudWatch Logs and VPC Flow logs to come from different sub accounts and to be delivered to a single auditing account. However, the number of sub accounts keeps changing. The company also needs to index the logs in the auditing account to gather actionable insight.How should a DevOps Engineer implement the solution to meet all of the company's requirements?
A. Use AWS Lambda to write logs to Amazon ES in the auditing account. Create an
Amazon CloudWatch subscription filter and use Amazon Kinesis Data Streams in the sub
accounts to stream the logs to the Lambda function deployed in the auditing account.
B. Use Amazon Kinesis Streams to write logs to Amazon ES in the auditing account.
Create a CloudWatch subscription filter and use Kinesis Data Streams in the sub accounts
to stream the logs to the Kinesis stream in the auditing account.
C. Use Amazon Kinesis Firehose with Kinesis Data Streams to write logs to Amazon ES in
the auditing account. Create a CloudWatch subscription filter and stream logs from sub
accounts to the Kinesis stream in the auditing account.
D. Use AWS Lambda to write logs to Amazon ES in the auditing account. Create a
CloudWatch subscription filter and use Lambda in the sub accounts to stream the logs to
the Lambda function deployed in the auditing account.
A large enterprise is deploying a web application on AWS. The application runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The instances run in an Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones. The application stores data in an Amazon RDS Oracle DB instance and Amazon DynamoDB.There are separate environments for development, testing, and production. What is the MOST secure and flexible way to obtain password credentials during deployment?
A. Retrieve an access key from an AWS Systems Manager SecureString parameter to
access AWS services. Retrieve the database credentials from a Systems Manager SecureString parameter.
B. Launch the EC2 instances with an EC2 IAM role to access AWS services. Retrieve the
database credentials from AWS Secrets Manager.
C. Retrieve an access key from an AWS Systems Manager plaintext parameter to access
AWS services. Retrieve the database credentials from a Systems Manager SecureString
parameter
D. Launch the EC2 instances with an EC2 IAM role to access AWS services. Store the
database passwords in an encrypted config file with the application artifacts.